Hampi, the erstwhile capital of the Vijayanagara Empire, boasts a plethora of captivating temples, each whispering tales of a glorious past. Among these architectural gems stands the Achyuta Raya Temple, a monument that embodies the zenith of Vijayanagara’s artistic prowess. This article delves into the rich history, architectural finesse, and enduring mystique of this captivating monument, equipping you for an enriching visit.
What is the history of the temple?
Commissioned in 1534 AD by King Achyuta Deva Raya, the Achyuta Raya Temple was initially known as the Tiruvengalanatha Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu in his form as Tiruvengalanatha. However, the temple’s name gradually shifted to reflect the king’s reign. Interestingly, historical inscriptions reveal that the temple’s patron was actually Hiriya Tirumala, Achyuta Raya’s brother-in-law and a high-ranking official in the court. This temple stands as a testament to the collaborative efforts between the royal family and the empire’s nobility.
Achyutaraya was the younger brother of the legendary Vijayanagar Emperor Krishnadeva Raya. The time when Achyuta Deva Raya became the emperor was by no means a favorable one. The peace and prosperity of the days under Krishnadevaraya were coming to an end. In addition, Achyuta Deva Raya had to contend with the powerful Rama Raya, who was competing for the throne. His reign extended from 1529-1542.
What to see at the Achyutaraya Temple?
The Achyuta Raya Temple exemplifies the Vijayanagara architectural style in its most refined form. Here’s a glimpse into its captivating features:
Concentric Courtyards: The temple complex is designed around two grand, rectangular courtyards, one nestled within the other. The inner walls of both courtyards are adorned with pillared mantapas (halls), creating a sense of grandeur and providing sheltered walkways for devotees.
Exquisite Sculptures: The pillars, mantapas, and gopurams (gateway towers) are embellished with intricate carvings depicting mythological scenes, floral patterns, and scenes from everyday life. These sculptures offer a glimpse into the artistic sensibilities and cultural nuances of the Vijayanagara era.
Majestic Mandapas: The temple complex boasts several impressive mantapas, including the Maha Mantapa (central hall), the Ranga Mantapa (performance hall), the Kalyana Mantapa (marriage hall), and the Sukanasi (antechamber). Each mantapa served a specific purpose in temple rituals and festivals.
A Grand Bazaar: Leading up to the temple complex is a remarkable sight – the ruined remains of the Achyutaraya Bazaar. This grand market street, with pavilions lining both sides, hints at the bustling commercial activity that once thrived around the temple.
Despite its magnificence, the exact cause for the temple’s unfinished state is not known. While some theories point towards the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire, others suggest a sudden shift in royal patronage.
How was the temple destroyed?
The Achyuta Raya Temple, like most other monuments in Hampi, bore the brunt of destruction at the hands of invading Deccan Sultanates in the late 16th century after their defeat in the Battle of Talikota.
While the temple complex lies in ruins, its grandeur is still evident in the towering structures and intricate carvings. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) meticulously maintains the site, ensuring its preservation for future generations.
Important practical tips for tourists
The Achyuta Raya Temple is open to tourists all days of the week. There are no specific timings for entry, but it’s advisable to visit during sunrise or sunset to experience the captivating play of light and shadow on the ruins. Or, it is better to visit early in the day to avoid the peak sun. The entrance to the temple complex is free of charge.
While there’s no designated car parking for the Achyuta Raya Temple specifically, there are ample parking space near the Virupaksha temple, from where you can take a short hike to reach the temple.
The walk will take you via the large monolithic bull, up the steps adjacent to the Matang Hill up to the Achyutaraya temple.
