The Viththala Temple is one of the most prominent features in Hampi. Shiva and Vishnu are the two most important important deities amongst Hindus. While the Virupaksha Temple was dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Viththala temple was dedicated to lord Viththala (or Vishnu).
Origins of Viththala Temple
The Viththala temple like the Virupaksha temple was constructed during the reign of Deva Raya II who reigned between 1422-1446 AD. And, similar to the Virupaksha temple, the legendary Emperor Krishna Deva Raya expanded and enhanced the temple during his reign a nearly century later.
It is estimated that there was a more modest temple / shrine before the reconstruction during the Vijaynagar empire. This may be noted together with the fact that the northern part of the town (north of the Tungabhadra river was the site of the Kishkindha kaand or episode of the Ramayana which narrates the travels of Lord Rama, incarnation of Lord Vishnu).
Thus, Hampi was an important place of pilgrimage from much before the medieval times.
The temple is no longer an active temple. Meaning devotees no longer actively worship in this temple. However, it certainly is a site of devotion and respect.
What are some of the important features of the Viththala Temple?
The Eastern Entrance to the Temple Complex: The entrance is much smaller and simpler compared to the more grand temples. The entrance was perhaps constructed between 1513 and 1516 AD during the reign of Krishna Deva Raya.
Vijaya Vittala Ratha or the Stone Chariot: Pictures of the stone chariot have become legendary and synonymous with Hampi.
The chariot is located within the temple complex and faces the inner sanctum. It is the most prominent structure within the complex and is MUST HAVE object of tourist photographs.
The chariot wasn’t built as a separate monument but integrates seamlessly with the overall layout and design of the temple complex. Its location, facing the main shrine, suggests a significant symbolic value. It has many interpretations:
- The chariot symbolizes Garuda, the divine vaahan (vehicle) for Lord Vishnu, the deity of the Viththala temple. The chariot structure reflects the concept of Garuda carrying Vishnu on his celestial journeys.
- Journey of the soul: The chariot can also be interpreted as a representation of the journey of the soul. In Hindu philosophy, the soul is often referred to as the “atman” and the body as the “rath” (chariot). The chariot, therefore, symbolizes the journey of the soul towards liberation from the cycle of rebirth.
- Triumphal Chariot: Additionally, the chariot might symbolize a victorious chariot, commemorating the victories of the Vijayanagara Empire, the rulers who constructed the temple. This interpretation aligns with the chariot’s name, “Vijaya Vittala Ratha,” which translates to “victorious chariot of Vittala” (another name for Vishnu).
Historical records and architectural analysis support the chariot’s integral role within the temple complex. It’s considered a secondary shrine dedicated to Garuda, the divine vehicle of Lord Vishnu, further solidifying its connection to the temple’s purpose and deities.
The Musical Pillars in the Viththala Temple
The temple also has 56 mysterious musical pillars. They are also called the Musical monolithic Pillars, carved out of single Granite blocks! They are 3.6 meters high and are arranged in an unique way that create a resonant chamber.
The intricate carvings on the pillars depict musicians, dancers, and drummers, further enhancing the temple’s connection to music. It is believed that the pillars were originally played using sandalwood sticks, as suggested by the carvings, and the music could be heard up to a kilometer away.
Today, the pillars are cordoned off to protect them from damage caused by curious visitors tapping them. However, you can still experience the wonder of these ancient musical instruments by visiting the temple and watching demonstrations by skilled musicians who play the pillars using traditional methods.
Other notable features:
Shrine of the Goddess (Devi shrine): Dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi, consort of Lord Vishnu.
Maha Mantapa (main hall): Also known as the Sabha Mantapa (congregation hall), it served as a space for gatherings and ceremonies.
Kalyana Mantapa (marriage hall): Used for religious weddings and other ceremonies.
Utsava Mantapa (festival hall): Likely used for celebrations and festivities.
If you are planning to visit Hampi, do visit the Viththala temple. If you have questions, or can add to the content for the benefit of other travelers, do leave further information in the comments section below!
