Sikandra, Agra is famous for being the home of the tomb of Akbar, the greatest Mughal sovereign of medieval India. The village of Sikandra was settled in early 16th century, around the time of Sultan Sikandar Lodhi shifting his capital to this part of Agra in 1506. It is likely that this part of the city constituted the major part of Agra in that era.
Originally erected as a military and administrative complex in the late 16th century, the complex dates back to Akbar’s reign. Its design is a manifestation of Akbar’s goal to combine aspects of Islamic, Persian, and Hindu architectural traditions. It is documented that portion of the complex of perhaps originally a Baradari constructed again by Sikandar Lodhi.
About 1 km away from the Akbar’s tomb lies the Tomb of Mariam-uz-Zamani, his most adored wife.The red sandstone and marble of the complex is distinguished by its opulent entrances, elaborate sculptures, and vast courtyards. The complex’s military importance waned with time, while its significance as a historical landmark increased.
Mariam-uz-Zamani: The Chief Wife of Akbar
Mariam-uz-Zamani, also known as Maryam Zamani, was the chief wife of Emperor Akbar, one of the most illustrious rulers of the Mughal dynasty. While the identity of Mariam is not beyond doubt, it is believed she was born into the Rajput royal family of Amber. Her father Raja Bharmal of Amber, is said to have married her to Akbar in 1562 due to political exigencies. It is said she significantly influenced the Mughal court and its policies. She played a crucial role in the court, often acting as a mediator and advisor to Akbar. Her influence extended beyond the court as she was deeply involved in various charitable and social activities, reflecting her commitment to the welfare of the people.
The Emperor’s Tomb: An Icon of Akbar
In the Sikandra complex, lies the final resting place of Emperor Akbar. Akbar, who ruled from 1556 to 1605 A.D., was a visionary leader whose reign was marked by a blend of military conquest and cultural integration. The tomb, constructed between 1605 and 1613, is a testament to his grandeur and the architectural innovation of the Mughal period. It is a blend of Islamic and Persian style of architecture. Its layout is based on the traditional Mughal garden design known as charbagh, divided into four quadrants by water channels that symbolize the rivers of paradise. The four-story structure, built primarily from red sandstone with white marble inlays, reflects the Mughal emphasis on symmetry and balance.
What was Mariam-uz-Zamani’s Role in building Akbar’s Tomb
Mariam-uz-Zamani’s connection to the Tomb is deeply significant. While Akbar was alive, he began the construction of his mausoleum, but it was completed by his son Jahangir after Akbar’s death in 1605 A.D. The tomb’s design and construction were heavily influenced by Akbar’s vision, which Mariam-uz-Zamani supported and nurtured during her lifetime. Her influence on the Mughal court extended to the tomb’s design and its symbolism. Her support for the architectural project and her involvement in the court’s decisions reflect her important role in shaping Mughal history. The tomb’s grandeur can be seen as a tribute not only to Akbar’s achievements but also to Mariam-uz-Zamani’s enduring influence and legacy.
Architectural Interpretation and Brilliance
Akbar’s Tomb is renowned for its architectural brilliance. The structure is characterized by its grand entrance gate, adorned with intricate carvings and motifs that showcase the artisanship of the Mughal period. The tomb itself is a four-story building, with each level featuring different decorative elements and architectural styles.The use of red sandstone and white marble inlays creates a striking contrast that enhances the tomb’s visual appeal. The intricate tile work and floral designs reflect a fusion of Persian and Indian artistic traditions, showcasing the Mughal dynasty’s penchant for cultural synthesis.
Gardens of Serenity
Surrounding the tomb is a vast garden, designed according to the Mughal principles of symmetry and order. The charbagh layout, with its water channels and fountains, represents an idealized version of paradise. The gardens are divided into four quadrants, each meticulously landscaped to create a sense of harmony and tranquility.The gardens not only serve as a visual delight but also enhance the spiritual atmosphere of the tomb. The presence of water channels and fountains adds to the serene ambiance, making the Sikandra Tomb a place of reflection and contemplation.
Tomb of Mariam Uz Zamani
Mariam Uz Zamani, Akbar’s first wife, passed away in Agra on May 19, 1623. While the exact cause of her death remains uncertain, it is believed to have been due to illness. Her son, Jahangir, commissioned a magnificent tomb for her between 1623 and 1627. This mausoleum is located about 1 kms from Akbar’s tomb. Notably, it is the only tomb of his other wives situated so close to his own.
The mausoleum also houses the remains of her granddaughter, Bahar Banu Begum, suggesting a particularly close bond between the two.
Preservation and Recognition:
Today, the two Tombs are protected monuments under the care of the Archaeological Survey of India. Efforts have been made to preserve the tomb and its gardens, ensuring that this architectural marvel remains a source of inspiration and admiration. Visitors are often struck by the beauty and tranquility of the site. The combination of grand architecture, serene gardens, and historical significance creates a compelling experience for those interested in Mughal history and culture. The Akbar’s Tomb and Mariam-uz-Zamani’s legacy offer a view into Mughal grandeur, architectural innovation, and personal history.
As a symbol of Mughal achievement and a reflection of personal bonds, both tombs continue to captivate, preserving the legacy of one of India’s remarkable era’s.
