Junagarh Fort, Bikaner, Rajasthan: All You Need to Know

In the middle of the sandy town of Bikaner, in the wide sands of Rajasthan, is a fort that breaks the normal ͏tale. Unlike many forts made on tall hills, Junagarh Fort stands with pride.

This architectural monument is not only a sign of power, but also a place of art skills, kingly customs, and cultural meaning. As you walk through its gates, Junagarh Fort slowly shows the story of Bikaner – a tale of kings, battles, temples, and festivals.

Origins of Junagarh Fort, Bikaner– From Chintamani to Timeless Majesty

Originally called Chintamani, the fort got a new name, Junagarh, or “Old Fort,” in the early 1900s century when the royal family moved to new Lalgarh Palace. The foundation was built by Raja Rai Singhji, the sixth leader of Bikaner, who is the founder of the fort. The fort construction was started in 1589, and finished in 1594.

Rai Singhji was a famous leader in the Mughal courts of Akbar and Jahangir, given rewards for his wins with jagirs (lands) in Gujarat and Burhanpur. The wealth from these areas was used to make this beautiful fort. But he wasn’t just a warrior — he was also a fan of art and architecture.

Location and Layout of Junagarh Fort, Bikaner: A Marvel on the Plains

Junagarh Fort is designed in a rectangular layout, covering 5.28 hectares,37 bastions, 7 gates, and a moat 7.6 meters deep. Junagarh stands flat on the ground — a strong choice that has never let down its guards!

Its walls stretch about 986 meters, going up 12 meters tall and holding a city inside. There are temples, pavilions, water wells, gardens, courtyards, and many royal palaces built with fine red and golden sandstone.

The Gates: Your Journey Through the Fort

Karan Prol

The eastern gate of the fort is Karan Prol. Once, this gate was the main entry and exit, fortified with iron spikes to deter elephant attacks. Though tickets are no longer sold here, it’s the traditional starting point of the royal path.

Daulat Prol

Near Karan Prol lies Daulat Prol. Here you’ll find 41 red handprints — memorials of queens who committed sati (self-immolation) after their husbands’ deaths. This sacred and somber place marks a powerful moment of Rajput sacrifice and devotion.

Fateh Prol

A smaller gate beyond Daulat Prol symbolizes military triumph.

Suraj Prol – The Sun Gate

Carved in glowing yellow sandstone, facing east to welcome the morning sun. Reserved for kings and honored guests, it still radiates the pride of the Rathore dynasty. Elephant statues with mahavats guard the entrance, while temples to Ganesh and Karni Mata lend it spiritual grace.

Tripolia Gate – The Triple Gate

This gate leads into the fort’s inner sanctum — a grand entrance to the fort. Tickets, audio guides and free guided tours are available here.

Har Mandir and Har Mandir Chawk – The Royal Temple

Har Mandir and the nearby Har Mandir Chowk form the spiritual core of Junagarh Fort, serving as the royal temple for Bikaner rulers. This holy place was the setting for grand celebrations of Dussehra and Gangaur. Here the traditional rituals such as weapon worship and horse veneration were performed with reverence. This temple is dedicated to Lakshmi Narayan. The temple showed the faith of the royal family but hosted close and auspicious occasions like royal weddings and birthday ceremonies. Surrounded by the wealth of the fort, Har Mandir stood as a calm and holy spot. It is showing both divine presence and the proud spirit of Bikaner’s history.

Ganga Mahal Museum or the Ganga Singh Hall

Ganga Mahal, a great palace made in the early 1900s by Maharaja Ganga Singh. This place now turned into a museum that shows the greatness of Bikaner’s royal past. Located inside Junagarh Fort, this palace is a must-visit destination for history lovers and heritage seekers. The main part of the museum is the Ganga Singh Hall. It was once the royal Darbar Hall where the king held public talks. Now, this hall is a part of the museum, showing a collection of artifacts, innovation, and the courage of the Bikaner royal family.

Among the displays here is the British DH9 De Havilland fighter plane, a gift for Maharaja Ganga Singh after World War I — a special part of aviation history. Guests can also see the throne of Maharaja Ganga Singh, with the fancy hunting howdah used during royal trips. The museum proudly houses what is known as India’s first installed lift, a sign of modernization and royal luxury during the early 1900s.

Maharaja Ganga Singh ruled from 1887 to 1943 in Bikaner. He was also a respected person in world politics. He had close links with the British Crown and got the title of Knight Commander of the Star of India. His taking part in the Versailles Peace Conference as India’s representative added to his global stature. Under his rule, the Bikaner Camel Corps became famous for their brave work in World War I, mainly for protecting the Suez Canal.

In Ganga Mahal, the Maharaja celebrated his Golden Jubilee, a moment of glory in Bikaner’s history.

Why Visit Ganga Mahal Museum?

Marvel at India’s first royal lift and a British warplane.
Discover Bikaner’s royal history through original artifacts.
Explore the life and achievements of Maharaja Ganga Singh.
Visit the royal office and armory inside Junagarh Fort.

The Royal Armoury of Junagarh Fort, Bikaner

The Royal Armoury of Junagarh Fort, Bikaner — a chamber where past lives in metal and silver. This interesting part of the fort gives a strong look into the martial heritage of Rajasthan’s Rajput warriors.

The Armoury shows a unique collection of royal weapons, from finely made swords and shields to uncommon guns. One of the most amazing displays is a 4-meter-long rifle, a wonder of design and a sign of the fort’s strength. Also interesting is the famous throne of Kannauj. The Rathod dynasty is believed to be the descendant of the Gahadavala dynasty of Kannauj.

Each weapon on display is a symbol of Rajput pride and personal honor. Crafted with intricate silver inlay, delicate engravings, and sometimes even encrusted with gemstones, these arms reflect the artistry as much as the strength of the Bikaner dynasty.

Why Visit Armoury?

Traditional Rajput swords, spears, and daggers
An extraordinary 4-meter-long matchlock rifle
The famed Throne of Kannauj
Exquisite shield designs with silver detailing

Residential Wings of Junagarh Fort, Bikaner: Lal Niwas, Dungar Niwas, and Gaj Mandir

Lal Niwas

Lal Niwas, a timeless residence nestled within the majestic Junagarh Fort, Bikaner. This place once served as the private quarters of Lal Singh Ji, father to two of Bikaner’s rulers — Maharaja Dungar Singh and Maharaja Ganga Singh.

Here, India’s very first lift was installed, a symbol of technological advancement introduced during the royal era. Though now sealed, the lift still stands as a proud marker of Bikaner’s embrace of innovation, blending tradition with modernity.

Why Visit Lal Niwas?

Walk through the residence of the royal family
Learn about the legacy of Lal Singh Ji and his famous sons
Discover India’s first royal lift hidden behind a wooden door
Experience the blend of architecture, heritage, and innovation

Dungar Niwas

Dungar Niwas is one of the most gracefully designed spaces within the Junagarh Fort in Bikaner. This beautifully preserved royal residence strikes a perfect balance between regal charm and elegant simplicity. With its serene white and brown color palette, Dunger Niwas offers a peaceful retreat, reflecting the refined lifestyle of the Bikaner royals.

The exquisite artwork on the walls and ceiling is adorned with intricate designs that showcase the artistic mastery of the era. The delicate patterns, traditional motifs, and historic themes come together to create a room that truly radiates royal sophistication.

Large arched windows flanked the walls, each one offering a glimpse into the fort’s rich layout. To the left, through these windows, lies the Har Mandir Chawk, the spiritual core where the royal family once celebrated festivals like Dussehra and Gangaur. On the right, a view opens up to the vibrant Holi Chawk, a courtyard that once burst into life with color during the grand festival of Holi, celebrated in full royal splendor.

Why Visit Dunger Niwas?

Intricate ceiling and wall artwork.
Views of Har Mandir Chawk and Holi Chawk.
Peaceful open courtyard with historic garden spaces.
Entry point to Gaj Mandir, the royal private quarters.

Book your ticket: https://www.makemytrip.com/

Shiv Gardens

The Shiv Gardens — a serene, green retreat that, although not accessible to visitors today, once provided the royal family a private escape amidst nature. One small temple is there which is dedicated to Lord Shiva.

Gaj Mandir: The private residence of Raja Gaj Singh Ji

Gaj Mandir, the private royal residence of Raja Gaj Singh Ji, is situated within Junagarh Fort of Bikaner. This section of the fort offers a rare glimpse into the personal life of the royal family.

Designed with both refinement and security in mind, Gaj Mandir’s architecture is subtly strategic. The rooms are dimly lit, casting a serene ambiance, while the low doorways were purposefully constructed to slow down any intruders — a thoughtful blend of beauty and defense.

There are two royal beds — one for the king and queen, and next to them, a low single bed, nearly touching the floor. These humble sleeping arrangements reflect a unique royal simplicity that contrasts with the grandeur of the fort’s exteriors.

But the most attractive centrepiece of Gaj Mandir is something divine and tender — a cradle holding an idol of Lord Krishna. Around the cradle, dolls dressed as Gopis, Krishna’s beloved devotees, are arranged in perfect harmony. Here, all the dolls are stitched together with a single thread. Move the cradle, and the dolls sway together, dancing in unison as if dancing with Krishna’s flute. This is the spiritual heart of Gaj Mandir, a space where faith, royalty, and artistry intertwine.

Why Visit Gaj Mandir?

Step into the private quarters of Raja Gaj Singh.
Witness defensive architecture with low entryways and strategic design.
Discover the symbolic cradle of Lord Krishna and the dancing Gopi dolls.
Experience a perfect blend of royal simplicity and spiritual depth.

Karan Mahal

The Karan Mahal, one of the most beautiful halls in Junagarh Fort, Bikaner. Built around 1680 by Maharaja Karan Singh, this regal chamber stands as a shining example of Rajput artistry, royal tradition, and architectural excellence.

Karan Mahal is decorated with colorful stained-glass windows, which cast vivid patterns of light across the floor. The finely carved balconies, fluted stone and wooden columns, and the detailed artwork throughout the chamber reflect the refined aesthetic of the Bikaner royal family.

But this hall holds more than just beauty — it was once the Coronation Chamber of Bikaner’s kings. At the center of the hall, there is a royal throne, the very seat where Maharajas were crowned during grand ceremonies and historic events.

As time went on, successive rulers enhanced the charm of Karan Mahal, embellishing its interiors with colorful glass inlays and gold-painted patterns. These additions elevated the hall into a radiant symbol of regal opulence.

Artistic Marvels of Karan Mahal

Sonakin Style Pillar: Look for the iconic Sonakin-style pillar, crafted with intricate gold detailing on white plaster — a hallmark of traditional Rajasthani art. Though the gold has faded over centuries, its artistry still shines through.
Mana Vat Style Walls: The surrounding walls are painted in the Mana Vat style. This style is known for gold-plaster work enriched with vibrant colors, giving a dazzling impression of walls covered in pure gold.
Jangli Sunthari Doors: Admire the doors adorned with the Jangli Sunthari style. The rich brown base is overlaid with golden outlines of trees, flowers, and fruits. The shimmering patterns resemble emeralds set in gold, elevating the doorways into works of art.

This remarkable visual narrative is credited to Ali Raza, a master artist brought from Golconda by Maharaja Karan Singh himself during a military campaign. His contribution forever changed the artistic landscape of Bikaner’s royal architecture.

Why Visit Karan Mahal?

Witness the royal throne used during coronations.
Explore Rajasthani art styles like Sonakin, Mana Vat, and Jangli Sunthari.
Discover the work of legendary artist Ali Raza.

Anup Mahal Chawk in Junagarh Fort, Bikaner

Anup Mahal Chawk is one of the most beautiful courtyards in Junagarh Fort, Bikaner. This courtyard connects three different parts of the fort – Rai Niwas, Anup Mahal, and Badal Mahal.

Rai Niwas

Rai Niwas is a very important part of Junagarh Fort in Bikaner, Rajasthan. It was made by Rai Singh Ji, the visionary leader who laid the foundation of the fort. Rai Niwas is the first building ever built inside the fort.

A top thing people see when they come into Rai Niwas is a statue of Surya Dev (Sun God), greatly shown riding his cart of seven horses. This figure stands for force, strength, and brightness and has deep meaning in Rajput culture.

Here is a great picture of Rao Bika Ji, the founder of Bikaner, shown with his uncle Kandhal Ji and noble Napo Nehra. Below this picture are two rare and real things from the founding days of Bikaner — a big pot and a drum, old items that give a real connection to the kingdom’s early years.

The past goes on with a picture of Padam Singh, the son of Rai Singh Ji. Close to this picture are two important swords — one is 27 kilos and the other is 7 kilos. These big weapons tell much about the power and courage of Rajput fighters. A nearby art shows a famous fight scene of Padam Singh and the brother-in-law of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, showing the strong military power and smart skill of Bikaner’s leaders.

The most important thing to see at Rai Niwas is the show of the shield and sword of Rao Jodha Ji, who founded Jodhpur and is one of the most well-known people in the Rathore past.

Why visit Rai Niwas?

First structure built in the Junagarh Fort complex.
Idol of Surya Dev on a chariot of seven horses.
Portrait of Rao Bika Ji with historical allies.
Original cauldron and drum from the fort’s founding era.
Portrait and swords of Padam Singh.
Painting depicting Padam Singh’s victory in battle.
Shield and sword of Rao Jodha Ji, founder of Jodhpur.

Anup Mahal

Anoop Mahal, a lovely spot inside Junagarh Fort in Bikaner, was made by King Anoop Singh and acted as the main office of the kingdom. This building is ͏created with wooden ceilings with mirrors, tiles from Italy, finely carved window frames, and porches that show the nice skill of Rajputana. The walls are adorned with gold paintings that give off royal splendour.

King Anoop Singh, the oldest son of King Karan Singh, was named heir by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1667 and took the crown in 1669 after his father died in Deccan. Even if he ruled Bikaner much of his time was spent helping the Mughal Empire! A well-known leader, he guided army fights in the Deccan, counting clashes with Maratha ruler Shivaji under General Mahabat Khan. For his faithfulness and wins, he got the name of Maharaja in 1687 after taking Golconda, and was further honored with a big title of Mahi Maratib and a mansab rank climbing to 5 thousand. His help made him one of the most respected Rajput soldiers of his time

Badal Mahal – The Palace of Clouds

Badal Mahal, meaning “Palace of Clouds,” is one of the most unique and interesting sections of Junagarh Fort in Bikaner, Rajasthan. This beautifully designed chamber is celebrated for its symbolic tribute to rain, a rare and treasured event in the Thar Desert. The palace is painted in soothing shades of white and blue, artfully evoking the coolness of rain and the refreshing presence of clouds.

The highlight of Badal Mahal lies in its wall murals, which depict scenes of clouds, thunder, lightning, and rainfall, turning the room into a serene and imaginative landscape. These murals were not merely decorative; they are the sign of hope and relief in a desert region where rainfall was both scarce and celebrated.

Adding to the sacred ambiance of Badal Mahal is a beautiful idol of Lord Vishnu with Goddess Lakshmi, reflecting the palace’s spiritual undertone alongside its artistic brilliance. The presence of these deities reinforces the connection between divine blessings and natural abundance — rain, fertility, and prosperity.

Why Visit Badal Mahal?

See beautiful wall paintings of clouds and rain, showing the joy of rain in the desert.
Enjoy the calming blue and white design that makes the palace feel peaceful and cool.
Visit the idol of Lord Vishnu and Goddess Lakshmi, adding a spiritual touch to the palace.
Explore one of the most unique and artistic parts of Junagarh Fort.

Visitor Essentials For Junagarh Fort, Bikaner

Best Time to Visit: October to March.
Timings: 10:00 AM – 4:30 PM.
Tickets: Available at Tripolia Gate.
Guided Tours: Every 15 minutes (free).
Languages: Audio guides in English, Hindi, and local dialects.
Nearby Attractions: Lalgarh Palace, Karni Mata Temple, Bhandasar Jain Temple.

Junagarh Fort is a kingdom in stone. A tale of valor, artistry, and visionary rulers, preserved in red sandstone and golden memories. Walk its halls and you’ll feel the echoes of sword clashes, royal celebrations, and prayers whispered in ancient shrines.

This is where Bikaner’s soul resides — not on a mountaintop, but in the heart of the city, where history is alive and welcoming.

For an immersive, on-site experience, download the Pathbeat App and listen to the complete audio tour of Junagarh Fort and other heritage wonders across India.