The tomb is one of the earliest examples of Mughal architecture in India, and it played a critical role in shaping the architectural styles that would later culminate in the construction of the Taj Mahal.

Who built the Humayun tomb and why?

Humayun’s Tomb, constructed in the mid-16th century, is a significant monument in the history of the Mughal Empire. It was commissioned by Humayun’s widow, Empress Bega Begum (Haji Begum), following his death in 1556.

Historical Background of Humayun’s Tomb:

Humayun’s Reign: Humayun was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, succeeding his father, Babur. His reign was marked by both challenges and achievements, including a period of exile and a successful reconquest of his empire shortly before his death.

Commissioning the Tomb: After Humayun’s death, his widow Bega Begum took it upon herself to build a grand mausoleum that would befit the stature of the emperor. She was deeply involved in its design and construction, ensuring it became a lasting tribute to her husband.

Architectural Design: The tomb was designed by the Persian architect Mirak Mirza Ghiyas and took around seven years to complete. It is notable for its symmetrical design, extensive use of red sandstone and white marble, and the incorporation of a Char Bagh (four-part garden), which was a symbol of paradise in Islamic culture.

Significance: Humayun’s Tomb was the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent and inspired many subsequent Mughal architectural works, including the Taj Mahal. Its design marked a departure from earlier Islamic architecture in India, integrating Persian influences that would define Mughal architecture for generations.

Later History: The tomb has witnessed significant historical events, including its use as a refuge by the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, during the 1857 uprising against British rule. The site underwent periods of neglect, especially during the British colonial period, when it’s gardens were altered and the site was used for other purposes.

What are the facts about Humayun’s tomb?

Humayun’s Rule and Legacy:

Humayun was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, ruling over parts of modern-day India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Despite facing numerous challenges during his reign, including a temporary loss of his kingdom, he eventually reconquered his empire before his death in 1556.
Following his death, his widow, Empress Bega Begum (Haji Begum), decided to build a grand mausoleum to honour him. Her devotion to her husband and her desire to create a lasting legacy for him led to the commissioning of the tomb.

Later Historical Events:

During the British colonial period, the tomb and its gardens suffered neglect. The gardens were modified by the British to suit their tastes, and the site was used for various purposes, including as a refugee camp during the partition of India in 1947.
The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, sought refuge in Humayun’s Tomb during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 before being captured by the British.

Restoration: In the 20th century, significant restoration efforts were undertaken, particularly under the orders of Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India. Further restoration in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, supported by UNESCO and other organisations, has helped restore the tomb to its former glory.

Must visit places at Humayun’s Tomb

1. Humayun’s Tomb

Main Tomb: The centerpiece, where Emperor Humayun is buried, is an architectural marvel. Admire the grand double dome, intricate lattice work, and beautiful gardens surrounding the tomb.
Central Chamber: The central chamber houses the cenotaph of Humayun, with additional graves in the surrounding rooms.

2.Char Bagh Gardens

Symmetrical Gardens: The tomb is set within a Persian-style Char Bagh garden, divided into four parts by walkways and water channels. The symmetry and the lush greenery make it a serene spot for a walk.
Water Channels: The water features are integral to the design, representing the four rivers of paradise in Islamic tradition.

3. Isa Khan’s Tomb

Isa Khan Niyazi’s Tomb: Located within the same complex but predating Humayun’s Tomb, Isa Khan’s Tomb is an octagonal tomb surrounded by a garden. It offers insights into pre-Mughal architecture.

4.Barber’s Tomb (Nai ka Gumbad)

Nai ka Gumbad: A smaller tomb thought to belong to Humayun’s barber, this structure is located near the main tomb and is worth a visit for its unique history and architecture.

5. Arab Serai

Caravanserai: Originally built to house craftsmen and workers from Persia who were employed in the construction of the tomb, this area gives a glimpse into the logistical side of the tomb’s construction.

6. Afsarwala Tomb and Mosque

Tomb and Mosque: Located near the entrance of the complex, this tomb and adjoining mosque are believed to belong to an officer (Afsar) in the Mughal court.

Best Time To Visit Humayun Tomb:

The best time to visit Humayun’s Tomb is during the cooler months, from October to March. Here’s why:

1. Weather Conditions:

October to March: During these months, the weather in Delhi is pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 25°C (50°F to 77°F). This makes it comfortable to explore the tomb and its expansive gardens without the discomfort of extreme heat.

April to June: These months are the hottest in Delhi, with temperatures often soaring above 40°C (104°F). The heat can be quite intense, making outdoor sightseeing less enjoyable.

July to September: Monsoon season brings humidity and rain, which can disrupt travel plans and make it difficult to fully enjoy the site.

Festive Seasons:

Visiting during festive periods like Diwali (October/November) or Holi (March) can also be a great experience, as Delhi is vibrant with cultural activities and celebrations.

On which day is Humayun Tomb closed?

Humayun tomb opens early in the morning around 8 AM and it closes around 6 PM in the evening. The tomb remains open for all visitors for all days throughout the week.

Conclusion:

Humayun’s Tomb remains a significant cultural and historical landmark, attracting visitors and scholars alike for its architectural grandeur and its role in the history of the Mughal Empire